These two photos are examples of shutter speed. Shutter speed is basicaly how fast or slow you take the photo. For example if you have a fast shutter speed(you can see an example to your left) the photo is taken very fast, it is a darker photo, though. If it is a slow shutter speed(as you can see above) it takes the photo very slowly and brings in more light to make the image very bright.
Small aperture Wide aperture
These two images are examples of aperture. Aperture is how wide or small your lens is. So, if theres a blurry background or the background is focused as well as the subject. When its a small aperture the subject and background is blurry, and when its a wide aperture the background is blurry and the subject is focused.
All of these 5 photos are diffrent lightings. the first one is butterfly, second is one i made up, third is rembrandt, the forth is rim, and the last is split.
The first of the 2 photos above is iso 3200 and the second is iso 100. so the higher the iso the less light you need.